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The balance of work

There was little machinery in preindustrial Europe and the societies shared the same work ethic based on individual responsibility and community solidarity. In these agricultural and artisanal communities, the body – human and animal – was the first and sometimes the only tool available: its skill and dependability were key assets in a precarious economy. Knowing how to economise and use its strength led to a sense of well being.

Saving, spending and pleasure

Food was long the main item in household expenditure, followed by accommodation, work and taxes. The eighteenth century brought a change in consumer behaviour which had an impact on lifestyles comparable to the industrial revolution. In the country, where it had always been directly related to survival, consumption gradually became a sign of distinction and status and even a source of pleasure. Five types of goods attracted buyers in search of social promotion: textiles, precious metals, art works and devotional objects, weapons and luxury furniture.