ETHAF 014512

masque

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014512
Zamble antelope-leopard mask
Ivory Coast, Bouaké region
Guro. Early 20th century
Wood, pigments
Acquired from the German ethnologist Hans Himmelheber in 1934; collected by him in 1933-1934
MEG Inv. ETHAF 014512
The famous Guro zamble male mask combines the elegance of an antelope's head and the powerful jaws of a leopard. It is part of a triad of forest creatures, including the gu masks, with a female face topped by a sophisticated hairstyle and animal horns, and the male zauli. Zamble means "destructive". It is a violent being that its master can set upon evildoers.

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West Africa

Deprived of their costumes, adornments, torchlight and rhythmic movements, the "masks" are no longer what they were when they danced in their original context; in the museum they become mere fragments. But they escape from their dry ethnic classification to conjure up some of the great cults of sub-Saharan Africa which have existed alongside Islam since the eleventh century.

Initiation Societies and their Masks

In West Africa, as elsewhere on the African continent, masks and other sacred objects are used by initiation societies which communicate with the higher powers and exploit secret knowledge. In the course of rituals controlled by qualified officiants, these masks unleash and guide forces to influence social interaction between people, spirits and ancestors. The masks are sometimes powerful weapons in the fight against witchcraft.


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