ETHAF 019655

cimier de masque

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019655
Ciwara crest mask
Mali, Bougouni region?
Bamana. Early 20th century
Wood, basketwork skull cap
Acquired from G. A. Hufschmidt in 1944
MEG Inv. ETHAF 019655
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Among the Bamana in Mali, masks and sculptures often appear during agricultural rites. The ciwara, "ploughing animal" is a chimera; it represents a miraculous animal, an antelope but also a pangolin, chameleon or an anteater. In the Bamana myth, this crest mask refers to the union of the sun and the earth, the origin of fertility and agriculture. Belonging to the Ciwara initiation society, crest masks are often carved as a male-female pair and danced together.

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West Africa

Deprived of their costumes, adornments, torchlight and rhythmic movements, the "masks" are no longer what they were when they danced in their original context; in the museum they become mere fragments. But they escape from their dry ethnic classification to conjure up some of the great cults of sub-Saharan Africa which have existed alongside Islam since the eleventh century.

Initiation Societies and their Masks

In West Africa, as elsewhere on the African continent, masks and other sacred objects are used by initiation societies which communicate with the higher powers and exploit secret knowledge. In the course of rituals controlled by qualified officiants, these masks unleash and guide forces to influence social interaction between people, spirits and ancestors. The masks are sometimes powerful weapons in the fight against witchcraft.

Bibliograpy

  • Cissé, Youssouf et Kamissoko, Wâ. 1988-1991. La grande geste du Mali : Paris : Ed. Karthala : Association Arsan. 2 vol. , MEG ET AF 2663
  • Colleyn, Jean-Paul. 2001. Bamana : the art of existence in Mali. New York : Museum for african art : Zürich ; Museum Rietberg : Gent : Snoeck-Ducaju & Zoon, 2001. , MEG ET AF 4864
  • Colleyn, Jean-Paul; Homberger, Lorenz. 2006. Ciwara : chimères africaines. Paris : Musée du quai Branly. , MEG AF 530 CIW | ET AF 4515

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