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The balance of work

There was little machinery in preindustrial Europe and the societies shared the same work ethic based on individual responsibility and community solidarity. In these agricultural and artisanal communities, the body – human and animal – was the first and sometimes the only tool available: its skill and dependability were key assets in a precarious economy. Knowing how to economise and use its strength led to a sense of well being.

Raising reindeer

The Sami used to roam between the Kola Peninsula, Norway, the north of Finland and Sweden. Once nomads, they became sedentary in the nineteenth century. They still hunt, fish and raise reindeer. Traditionally the deer provided them with food and raw materials. In their relationship with the natural environment, the Sami recognise an exchange between humans and animals.